Effect of experimental hyperglycemia on oxidative transformations of endogenous and exogenous compounds in the rat

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease with a complex metabolic and endocrine system influencing a large proportion of the global population. DM is described by its high blood glucose level because of insufficient action and secretion of insulin from beta-cells of the pancreas. Hyperglycemia is considered a source of the development of diabetic complications via altering a variety of signaling pathways, leading to the induction of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and cell death. A high rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from the inducted oxidative stress is considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic patients. In addition, besides their insulin injection and/or consumption of diabetic medications, patients are supposed to use a variety of other medicines. However, how and to what degree diabetes affects the metabolism of drugs has not been well studied. Pathophysiological changes during diabetes can affect various drugs' absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. However, previous studies have provided inconsistent data for multiple drugs, possibly due to variations in patient characteristics or control of patients’ diabetes at the time of data collection.