A védőnői méhnyakszűrési pilot program értékelése és a méhnyakrákból eredő betegségteher vizsgálata

Abstract

Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in all diseases many types of tumour, mainly in case of breast-, lung-, prostate-, cervical cancer- incidence and mortality data are determinded by geographical localization. More than half of the newly diagnosed cases and two-thirds of deaths caused by diseases occur in countries with low and average income. Regarding the incidence and death data of neoplastic diseases, significant differences are shown. In Western Europe the number of diseases are higher, whereas in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) it is the deaths caused by diseases that grow higher. At the same time, in Western Europe there is neither any decreasing tendency in the mortality trend of CCE countries, nor any significant increase in life expectancy. From the mid-1960s, the health condition of the late socialist countries had stagnated or declined, while the health condition of the western countries had been improving constantly. Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem among all neoplastic diseases affecting women. In 2015 it caused 526,000 diseases worldwide and 239,000 deaths. Cervical cancer was the most frequently occurrent neoplastic disease in 11 countries and the most common cause of death in 50 countries. In the same year, by guess it caused a loss that is equivalent with 7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALY), out of which 96% are years of life lost (YLL), 4% reported the years lost due to disability (YLD). In Europe, according to the data of GLOBOCAN, in 2012 the crude incidence rate was 11.4 per 100,000 female population. With this, cervical cancer is the fifth most commonly occurrent malign disease. There are significant differences among mortality rates from countries to countries. Mortality rates are the highest in certain easter European countries (above 6.2/100,000 female population), still in Finland it is barely above 1/100,000 female frequency. It is a generally known fact that deaths caused by neoplastic diseases can be decreased with the help of early recognition and treatment as the most effective method. The cervical cancer screening, fulfilling the expectations against screening tests, is a proven screening method for recognizing the disease in the pre-cancer status. In its 46/2003. (IV. 16) regulation, the parliament accepted a strategic program about introducing organised cervical cancer screening. As a result, the program had started with inviting 25-65 year-old women every three years.