Histological, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Coffea Species

Abstract

Coffea species are well-known and widespread all over the world. They have an important role in science because of their pharmacological role. They provide one of the most sought products after petrol on the international market, and they also provide an income for more than 20 million families in more than 50 countries every year (DAVIS et al. 2007, PATAY et al. 2016c). In addition, coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide with an annual consumption rate of approximately 7 million tons according to Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) (BAEZA et al. 2014). However, the most famous species are C. arabica, C. robusta, and C. liberica, we can also find scientific data on wild coffee species and subspecies cultivated in almost all continents, but these data are insufficient in the recent literature (PATAY et al. 2014a). Due to their significant in caffeine and polyphenol content, Coffea extracts possess numerous physiological effects like activity on the central nervous system, as well as antioxidant, anticancer, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, antibacterial, and dermatological effects. However, there are many previously reported scientific data about these beneficial effects for human body, an inadequate utilization of coffee can cause serious secondary effects.